Showing posts with label sculpture. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sculpture. Show all posts

Thursday, April 24, 2025

Mid-Market Art Walk – presented by Jason Gibbs 4/22/202

These are rough notes that often quote unattributed sources.

Hallidie Plaza - Market Street Joint Venture / Skidmore , Owings & Merrill (1973) - one of three major plazas (w/Embarcadero/Justin Herman and United Nations) a sunken courtyard - “a space to negotiate between the relatively spare, technologically oriented BART tunnel and bustle and visual richness of the city” / “open air courtyard for day time entertainment activities” / part of the Market Street Beautification Project originating with a 24.5 million dollar bond passed in 1968. SOM designed both Powell & Montgomery Stations (noted for their bubble surfaces) BART service began in 1973, MUNI in 1980. In the 1970s there were free noon-time concerts sponsored by the Market Street Development Project and Local 6 drawing thousands
Other Skidmore, Owings & Merrill buildings in SF: St Aidan’s Church (Diamond Heights) 255 California Street (Industrial Indemnity Bldg), Alcoa Building (1 Maritime Plaza) California First Bank Building (370 California), Crown Zellerbach (1 Bush) B of A Building, Hartford Insurance Building (636 California), One Metropolitan Plaza (425 Market) Shaklee Terraces (444 Market)

Nigel Sussman (1983?- ) - Hallidie Plaza SF Mural (2023)
artist also a freelance illustrator, does architectural drawing, Berkeley based

Ruth Asawa (1926-2013) - Yesterday and Today (1983-1984)
Realized with help from her children, grandchildren, used baker's clay - 4 cups flour, 1 cup salt, 1 ½ cups water and an oil-based plastic sealant called Varathanet. cast into glass-fiber reinforced concrete / shows her husband, Albert Lanier / “she just really wanted everyone to be involved – yeah, anyone can be part of the project - they don't have to have some special training or skill, but you'll learn a lot on the way, from her.” “Ramada Renaissance Hotel. In keeping with the Renaissance tradition, the hotel commissioned sculpture, paintings and other objects of art to create an ambiance of elegance and quiet luxury for its guests.” 7 panels = 7 hills of SF Miwok / Junipero Serra / 14 feet high, 60 feet long, each panel 1500 lbs,
Read more about Ruth Asawa on our blog.   

Market Street Beautification (1968-1971) Lawrence Halprin (1916-2009), Mario Ciampi (1907-2006) and John Carl Warnecke (1919-2010)
Redevelopment in conjunction with BART construction beginning in the summer of 1967. Paid for by a $25 million bond issue. – sought uniformity, City government began limiting the size and configuration of business signs and severely downplaying neon, especially in the downtown area, in the name of “beautification”. Sidewalk width (widened to 35 feet) herringbone pattern, paving materials, proportion of curb to sidewalk width (15-18 inch curbs) / oriented to pedestrians, tree-lined sidewalks, incorporation of the subway, boarding islands, F streetcar (also involved kiosks, news racks, bicycle racks, benches – now gone) Ciampi and Halpern fought behind closed doors, Warnecke mostly absent but did prevail with the notion of a unified design // Lawrence Livingston Jr. (1981): “sterile, formal concept apparently was supposed to be vitalized by a series of plazas” / City required theaters to remove their awnings / initially planted tulip trees, they died and were replaced with sycamore (1974).
Read more about Warnecke elsewhere on the blog.  

Willis Polk (1867-1924) / Arthur Putnam (1873-1930) / Leo Lentelli (1879-1961) - Path of Gold Light Standards - 1908-1925 (1-2470 Market Street) Original Standards replaced with replicas – part of the CITY BEAUTIFUL movement Willis Polk designed the base and pole (Hallidie Building, Beach Chalet, Kezar Stadium). Arthur Putnam was commissioned to create the Winning of the West bases with three bands of historical subjects: ox‐drawn covered wagons with weary pioneer and dog, seated pumas (mountain lions) looking down at a scared jackrabbit and overlooked by an Indian head, and alternating prospectors and mountain Indians. (also the Sphinx in GGP). Leo Lentelli with Walter D'Arcy Ryan designed the tops - both participated in the Panama Pacific International Exposition of 1915 "The permit for the project was linked to graft payments to Mayor Schmitz, political boss Abe Ruef, and seventeen of the eighteen members of the Board of Supervisors."

San Francisco Arts Commission / San Francisco Metropolitan Transit Authority bus shelters – Arts Commission outdoor gallery. 18 bus shelters, commissioned artists on an annual basis since 1992

Katy Boynton - Heartfullness (2012) (Market & Turk) - Bay Area artist, large scale works in metal / her first sculpture, created for Burning Man / installed 12/2024 "a steel sculpture of a mended heart, embodying the strength of the human spirit." originally presented at Burning Man, night illuminated by a red glow “During the day the rusted metallic surface catches the sunlight, a testament to the resilience of a heart that has weathered life's challenges. At night the heart glows with a warm inner light, symbolizing the unyielding fire within us all. The cracks and imperfections transform into pathways for this radiant light to project outward. Just as the heart becomes a beacon of light, so too do we, when we embrace adversity and allow our own inner light to truly shine.”

Iwamoto (Lisa) Scott (Craig) - Penumbra (2022) 960 Market Street - https://www.iwamotoscott.com/projects/penumbra 'a partial shadow between regions of full shadow and full illumination' designers of the building Serif A series of sculptural Y-shaped columns march along the long sides of the courtyard space, supporting a lattice of radial steel plate beams from which Penumbra's precisely crafted aluminum modules are suspended. variously-angled tapering aluminum modules frame the sky, surrounding urban fabric and space, and the changing light of day.

Clare Rojas (1976-) - promise 2014 aka Sharing Flowers (982 Market Street) - works in a variety of media, including painting, installations, video, street art, and children's books. Her gallery describes her: A magic realist artist with a talent for abstraction whose visual language is rooted in Peruvian folklore and Californian ecofeminism. Married Mission School Barry McGee. Mural only supposed to be up for a year / flowers a star like precious object / work inspired by American folk art and quilting / Artist is SF resident, graduate of the Chicago Art Institute.

Untitled (2013) Os Gemeos and Mark Bodé (1963-) – pronounced Ose Zhe' mee ose // Identical twin artists Otavio Pandolfo and Gustavo Pandolfo (1974-) Sao Paolo / includes one of the twin’s characters and Cheech Wizard by Vaughn Bodé / Hirschhorn Museum, Smithsonian Institution (Bodé - cartoonist, muralist, tattoo artist, lives in Daly City – Santana Family mural near 24th St BART

Oshun Mural (2002) – Debra Disman (1956-) - Turk and Taylor Streets - a drop-in center for women and their families, is a program of the H.A.F.C.I. Haight Ashbury Free Clinics. Site of Compton’s Cafeteria. The spirit goddess Oshun reigns over love, intimacy, beauty, wealth and diplomacy. According to the Yoruba elders, she is the "unseen mother present at every gathering" ..."nurture healing and build strength among women and their families..." Oshun’s color is yellow, and her metals are gold and copper. Other symbols depicted in the mural include peacocks and mirrors, reflective of vanity and physical beauty. Oshun represents life’s joys, and all that makes it worth living – Los Angeles based artist does installation art, performance art, bookworks – worked as a decorative painter in SF

Hueman (Allison Tornero) (1985- ) 'Our Home of Sampaguitas and Dahlias' (51 6th Street) - artist based in Oakland "commemorates the history of Filipinos in SOMA" / created the work “Spray Ballet” on 5 buildings in Hickory Alley (now covered with graffiti) / designed a Golden State Warriors shirt and painted a mural on a Norwegian cruise liner, portrait of Kobe Bryant for Nike

Lanterns 500 block Stevenson Street near 6th Street (2021) The lanterns are a collaboration of the Plinth Agency, The Bayanihan Community Center, SoMa Pilipinas, the 6th Street Safety Group, Friends of Stevenson Alley They are not our traditional five-point parol or Filipino Christmas lanterns, which are inspired by the Star of Bethlehem and the story of Nativity, and nor the famous San Fernando Lanterns, nor that of the red round lanterns you find in Chinatown and Chinese restaurants which are associated with the full moon and Lunar Festival When lit, these brass lanterns will cast shadows of the graphical textures in the lanterns. In spring & summer of 2019, several community stakeholder meetings convened to develop a strategic plan for the 500 block of Stevenson Street. Zendesk, the Mid-Market CBD, SFMTA, & OEWD committed investment in new streetscaping and lighting elements, alongside a series of events, with SF Parks Alliance set to manage the project. Fabricated by HYBOCOZO Serge Beaulieu and Yelena Filipchuk. Based in Los Angeles / created Aurum in Mint Plaza / geometric sculptures, often with pattern and texture that draw on inspirations from mathematics, science, and natural phenomena (not like their work)

Faith, Hope and Charity (2019) – Sylvester Guard Jr. Art Commission approved 8/2019. installed at the Seneca Hotel, which is located on 34 6th St. at Stevenson St. The painted mural will measure approximately 10 ft. by 24 ft. The project is funded by the San Francisco Office of Economic and Workforce Development. The painted mural will not become part of the Civic Art Collection. / The artist formerly homeless / involved with the Tenderloin Museum and Community Arts Program Hospitality House. Created a mural next to the playground at Turk and Hyde.

Os Gemeos (Otavio and Gustavo Pandolfo) - Giant (1001 Market Street) - dates from 2013. Painted over their 2001 work "Pavil" (Wick) - their first US exhibit "dedicated to Jade, Nekst & Tie." – a hat with a JADE throwup, the spray can in a shape of balaclava wearing character with a NEKST belt buckle, and TIE button on the bag to name a few. "Their first significant artistic influence outside their immediate environment, and their limited access to American hip hop, stemmed from a chance encounter with Barry McGee (also known as Twist), who was in Brazil for several months on a study abroad program through the San Francisco Art Institute in 1993. Technique and experience were shared, and McGee provided photographs of American graffiti." [wiki] NYT: The American artist Barry McGee was that door-opener for Osgemeos. It was 1993 and the twins were 19 years old when he first phoned their house. McGee, who got his start as a graffiti artist in 1980s San Francisco, was in their hometown, São Paulo, thanks to a grant from the Lila Wallace-Reader’s Digest Fund. McGee was introduced to well-known contemporary Brazilian artists, but he still felt like he was missing out on what was happening in the streets. Until one day, while riding his bike around the Vila Mariana neighborhood where he was staying, he saw a massive mural of B-boys break dancing painted by Osgemeos. “I hadn’t seen any work in my life that looked like theirs,” he said. “It was very elaborate and it was already distinctive at that point.” Graffiti made by the duo on the street where they grew up in Cambuci, São Paulo, pays homage to Portal, a collective of artists who strongly influenced the duo’s work. Brazil is known for a type of graffiti called pixação, a cryptic lettering style rooted in protest against corruption and inequality. The streets of São Paulo were covered in it then, so Gustavo and Otávio’s detailed and colorful character work stood out next to the stark letters and symbols. It was tagged as “GEMEOS” and there was a phone number sprayed in the corner. McGee wanted to know who the artists were, so he called them. The twins’ mother, answered the phone. She invited him to the family’s home to meet her sons and sit down for a traditional Brazilian meal of feijoada. It wasn’t until they started to talk at the dinner table that the brothers realized who McGee was. “We were like, ‘Oh my god, this is Twist,’” Gustavo said, referring to one of McGee’s most well-known monikers. The twins had been admiring his graffiti in skateboarding magazines for years and were floored that the artist wanted to get to know them.

The Luggage Store Annex of the The 509 Cultural Center (1007 Market Street) - related to 509 Ellis / Swim Gallery – sign by Margaret Kilgallen (1967-2001) is a non profit artist run multidisciplinary arts organization, founded in 1987.
 
Community Arts Program Hospitality House - since 1969 (1009 Market Street) https://www.hospitalityhouse.org/community-arts-program.html "is the only free-of-charge fine arts studio and gallery space for artists and neighborhood residents whose socioeconomic struggles would otherwise prevent them from accessing the powerful artistic and cultural landscape of this community. Each year, more than 3,500 artists benefit from the free materials and space to create, house, exhibit and sell their artwork."

Untitled? (2023?) - MONK6. The type of "graff" is called a "rappel". bombingsci Instagram: “"I write MONK6. I am based out of Portland, OR and San Francisco, and I’ve been writing for a little over three years now. I love all kinds of graffiti but I’ve always been especially drawn to clean, legible straight letters/pieces.There is nothing I love more than letters, and I am always trying to add funk and creativity to improve my letters. I love learning new styles and lately I have been adding characters to some of my pieces as well. I enjoy painting everything from rappel spots and heaven spots to chill cutty spots that nobody will ever see.” Facebook comment: “The fines for abseiling illegally off most city structures is ABSURD, in every country! If a man wants to die doing something he loves, let him!” Other MONK6 Tags at 1242 Market St, 1 Grant Avenue (old bank), Hotel des Arts on Bush St., 720 California

International Art Museum of America - (1023 Market Street)
founded in 2011 by H. H. Dorje Chang Buddha III (1951-2022) an artist who claims to be a reincarnation of the Buddha Vajradhara,] and originally only contained works by him. Building designed by Weiya Noble.

Sanaz Mazinani (1978-) - Infinite Reflections (2022) (1028 Market Street) Persian-Canadian artist -- Uses Dichroic Glass (applies multiple micro-layers of metal oxides to the glass surface. Materials like titanium, silicon or magnesium create an interference effect, causing the glass to reflect and transmit different wavelengths of light)- this glass changes colors depending on the angle of the light. She is trying to evoke "dynamism and richness of Market Street: the beauty of living in a city." interposed lines and angles, casts reflections, will change its appearance through the day and night (also the artist of Rolling Reflection at 49 South Van Ness) - hearkening to Market Streets theater marquees

The Ladder (Sun or Moon) (2020) - Iván Navarro (1066 Market Street) - Chilean artist (1957- ) living in NYC – uses electric light as his primary medium, making politically charged sculptures and installations that address the violence inflicted by the Chilean state. an Inuit myth about the origin of the sun and the moon 12-story tower fronting Market Street, consists of a ten-storied neon and steel ‘ladder,’ resembling a functional fire escape, with each diagonal section corresponding to the height of one story of the building. Looking upwards, a ladder of bright white light disappears skyward, and transports viewers from the traditional urban street life setting to an unexpected experience; a sensation of mystery and transcendence, which distinct to Navarro’s artwork, is also reminiscent of the marquee that adorned the Granada Theater in the 1920’s (later the Paramount Theater), the site upon which 50 Jones now sits.

Richard Louis Perri [Luckey] (1944- ) - 1091 Merrills Drug Center (6th Street / IOOF) - from 2015, neighborhood artist has a studio in the building, moved in 2021 – came to SF in 1967 with flowers in his hair / oil painter / paints pictures of undiscovered places in San Francisco. He loves this city, made it his home. It is his inspiration.

Alicia McCarthy (1969- ) - Untitled (2018) (1100 Market Street) Born in Oakland, still lives there, Mission School artist, commissioned by the Luggage Store Gallery. Woven pattern. Early work was largely associated with collective practices, graffiti art, and San Francisco’s active queer punk scene. abstract paintings embrace a punk/folk aesthetic (also called “urban rustic” “naive aesthetic” using flawed gestures) that combines the Bohemian street culture of San Francisco with forms of folk art. Often uses found or inexpensive objects. Grafitti using the names “Fancy” and “Probe” almost kicked out for spraying graffiti at the AI - Taught a class at the California College of Art, Art Institute – Low Budget High Art - Also creates skateboard decks.

Rigo 23 - Ricardo Gouveia (1966- ) - Truth Mural (2002) - 1101 Market Street Portuguese from Madeira artist, lived in SF, now in LA. part of Clarion Alley Collective, evokes advertising art – Work dedicated to Robert King Wilkerson is the only member of the Angola 3 to be exonerated and released after 32 years mostly solitary confinement, one of the co-founders of the Angola Black Panthers. highlights world politics and political prisoners. Created Victory Salute is a monument of that moment which was specifically built on the San Jose State University – for Tommie Smith and John Carlos.
Inner City Home (6th near Clementina) One Tree (101 on ramp 10th and Bryant)

UN Plaza Fountain (1975) – Lawrence Halprin - the fountain became the “principal feature” of the plaza, designed to serve “as a focal point at the Civic Center axis and establish...a visual hub from the street to City Hall” - dedicated June 26, 1975, UN’s 32nd anniversary
It is made from the same Sierra white granite that City Hall and the other civic buildings in the area are constructed from, arranged into seven clusters to represent the seven continents, and the water is supposed to display “...both jet action and tidal action, imitating the back and forth and up and down motion of the sea” "Halprin has developed an affection for Sierra Nevada views of water coursing through huge granite rocks, and he tried to bring that effect to his fountain by placing gigantic stacks of granite slabs around its outer edge up to twenty feet tall and smaller chunks of granite in the center, over which shot several spouts of water that eventually collected in pools." - James Haas “designed to be a “smart” fountain. Its water jets are controlled by an electronic console regulating an interlocking system of pipes, pumps, meters, and vales. Each of the nine spurting slabs has a wind monitoring device to control the water flow, presenting wind-blown spray from dampening passersby / computer control art commissioner: "This is a flamboyant example of a designer's ego" "The fountain is a gross intrusion of a personal idea into a public space" "resembles the ape grotto at the SF Zoo" Ruth Asawa and Antonio Sotomayor voted against Quentin Kopp: "an architectural travesty and environmental insult" was going to propose a ballot initiative to block it - "Should a fountain, constructed of granite slabs and estimated by the Department of Public Works bureau of engineering to cost $1,150,000 be built in United Nations Plaza on Market at the juncture of Leavenworth and Fulton streets?" Ruth Asawa: "We voted in good faith on March 4 and then they imported some people to vote, some people who are there only when it is political and the fountain was approved." Ray Talliafero: "unimaginative, uncreative and wholly lacking in esthetic excellence." Antonio Sotomayor: "the design would be much more fitting for the pit of the bears at the zoo" pro: Ed Callanan: "The tidal wave of water motion over the blocks will be pleasing to people."
Read more about the UN Plaza on our blog.     

UN Plaza (Halprin, CiampI and Warnecke) In June 1967, construction of the BART Civic Center Station was commenced within the confines of Market Street, a city street. A portion of the construction activity was in the street area adjacent to the Orpheum property. The construction was substantially completed in February 1971 and fully completed in April 1971. Construction of the one acre United Nations Plaza began in January 1975 as part of the Market Street Beautification Project in conjunction with the Bay Area Rapid Transit station 1995, the Plaza received a facelift, adding more “memorial” content to what was in essence simply a plaza and fountain, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Charter. In three short months in 1995, the words of the UN Charter were carved on the black obelisk (Figure 6), a quote from Roosevelt (chosen by Halprin, who was working on the Roosevelt Memorial at the time) was carved into the fountain, granite inlays were placed into the brick mall with chiseled words from the UN in the stone, the names of all the member countries and the year they joined the UN were carved on granite lamp posts, and the UN emblem in the center of the plaza were all added

Lawrence Argent (1957-2017) - C'era Una Volta (Once Upon A Time) (installed 2017) [on private property] born in England, raised in Australia, NYTimes obit While conceiving his art projects, Argent asks himself big questions. For example: "How much data can we remove from a real object and still have something recognizable?" To paraphrase another of his inquiries: "How can I turn commonly held notions of beauty into something new and contemporary?" Argent asked himself that as he re-envisioned the classical form of the Venus de Milo, the armless Grecian wonder. His twisting sculpture – rising up to almost Statue of Liberty dimensions from a base that's four feet in diameter. Stands 92 feet tall, slightly shorter than the Statue of Liberty’s 111.5 feet measured from heel to crown, and 35 feet wide at the shoulders. Late Trinity landlord Angelo Sangiacomo asked him once if he could make the statue smaller. But only once. “I told him look, shrink it down and it just won’t work,” says Argent. “He said, ‘Okay, I trust you.’” Venus’s swirling profile is meant to suggest a figure bursting from the ground, like a liberated geyser. “I wanted it to look as if it’s emerging from the rock—pretending for a second that there’s not a six-story garage underneath us,” he says. Angelo Sangiacomo, who purchased the 4.5-acre site in 1977, began construction of Trinity Place in 2007, and welcomed the first residents in 2010. Sangiacomo, who passed away in December 2015 at the age of 91, called Trinity Place his lifetime dream and created the piazza and its art collection – C’era Una Volta (“Once Upon a Time”) — as a lasting gift to his beloved San Francisco. Argent also designed the courtyard floor's undulating, tile-mosaic pattern, as well as several other marble, sculptural elements, all meant to work cohesively as part of a "gestalt"," he says. which led him to ask, "How do we make a plaza appear that it's been there forever, and the buildings are actually built around the plaza?" “My task is to create something that fits the surrounding or the area. If it were to be removed, you would miss it.” At its feet are scattered 17 smaller marble sculptures to accentuate “Venus’s” classical elements. The works commemorate the property's former landlord, Angelo Sangiacomo, who contributed millions of dollars to the site and who died in 2015. [one of SF's largest landlords – known as the “father of rent control”] Custom-designed seven-foot glass bollards with illuminated hollow centers serve as dramatic showcases for sculptures within the glass. The decorative bollards, which weigh 8,000 pounds each, are located along the mosaic path connecting Market Street to Mission Street. A 20-seat Carrara marble table encourages people to gather for lunch or to meet friends in the lively piazza. To give the table “movement” and create the sense of gathering at a friend’s home, Argent added a “ripple” along the marble tabletop, creating the impression of a large tablecloth naturally creased in the center. Includes other elements that pay tribute to classical Mediterranean art and Sangiacomo’s love of things Italian. The mosaic floor, massive marble table, and carved figures emerging from boulders like half-excavated relics (one rock bears the likeness of Sangiacomo and his wife Yvonne, signature glasses and all) reflect the late landlord’s personal style of brash, volume-up-to-11 good taste. The gates between Phases 1 and 2 of Trinity Place, facing Mission street, form an enchantingly intricate bronze pattern inspired by the ancient street map of Genoa, Italy. The design honors the Genovese region, the ancestral home of the Sangiacomo family. Frankie Avalon sang "Venus" at the dedication

Richard Deutsch (1953-) - Victoria (installed in 2021) Artist lives in Davenport, CA. inspired by the ancient Greek sculpture, The Winged Victory of Samothrace. Also called the Nike of Samothrace. this 2nd-century BC marble sculpture pays tribute to the Greek goddess Nike (Victory). punctuate Trinity’s Eighth Street entry by following this ancient tradition of “welcoming” with an angelic winged figure. Victoria is made of a high-grade 316L stainless steel and white Carrara marble. The marble elements of the sculpture were fabricated in Pietrasanta, Italy and the block was quarried in one 50,000 lb piece. Crafted at the Santa Cruz Metal Works.

Charles Gadeken (1964) "Entwined" - 2024 "industrial artist working in the Bay Area for over 25 years" lecturer at Stanford. Burning Man affiliation. originally installed at Peacock Meadow in Golden Gate Park. "To control the shrub colors and radiation of light, look for the QR code at the various shrubs. Once scanned, the control panel for that shrub will pop up on your phone, allowing you to add your creative elements to the piece!"

Adamo Tadolina (1788–1863) - Simón Bolivar (1859/1984) The original is located in the Plaza Bolivar in Lima, Peru, the first copy is in the Plaza Bolivar in Caracas, Venezuela. A gift of Venezuela - President Jaime Lusinchi and then Mayor Dianne Feinstein were present at dedication / 1983 bicentennial of Bolivar well-established Italian sculptor active in commemorative sculpture in both England and Italy in the 19th century.

Joshua Hubert – Spectra (2005) LED public art installation ... spans 1.6 acres across the rooftops of the San Francisco Public Library and the Asian Art Museum, where 1,271 individually programmable LEDs will pulse and shimmer in an audio-reactive display of color and light. Arranged in a dynamic waveform that mimics both light and sound spectrums

Jeremy Novy (1979- ) – Koi (2024) - stencil artist largest koi mural to date in Fulton Plaza / “taking ancient artforms and blending them with modern technology. Koi have long been an ancient symbol of courage and luck, and you can find them featured prominently throughout history in fine art, so he set out to combine this ancient symbol with the more modern medium of concrete.”

Frank Happersberger (1859–1932) - James Lick / Pioneers Monument (1894) Born in Dutch Flat, Placer County, studied art for 8 years in Munich, also created the Garfield statue in GGP - Gift of James Lick (died 1876): real estate investor, carpenter, piano builder, land baron, and patron of the sciences. The wealthiest man in California at the time of his death. Artist also created James Garfield memorial in Golden Gate Park. Two allegories – early days, plenty; two tableaus - In '49, commerce 47 feet tall Made of Rocklin Granite four bas reliefs, portrait medallions, names, flags and dates from CA history Eureka and The Bear – Eureka 12’6” weighs 8,000 lbs, right hand: spear, left hand: sheild + California grizzly bear Bronze wreath products of the state: fruits, nuts and grain, garlands of acorns and laurels Two dates: 1848, Discovery of Gold; 1850: admission to the Union Portraits: John Fremont, Sir Francis Drake, Father Junipero Serra, James Lick, John Sutter Names: Vallejo, Larkin, Marshall, Castro, Stockton, Sloat, Portola and Cabrillo Allegorical Figures: Plenty/Agriculture: heads of wheat crown Plenty, she holds a cornucopia of fruits Commerce: Goddess of the Sea – California's ports and shipping industry Early Days: mission padre, vaquero and Native American In ‘49: 3 miners examine a gold nugget, tools at their feet

Fred Parhad (1947-) - Ashurbanipal (1988) born in Baghdad, Assyrian. Studied at UC Berkeley, moved to NYC. Gift from the Assyrian people - restauranteur Narsai David (KCBS) led the raising of $95,000 for the sculpture Ashurbanipal: last great king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (668 BC–c. 627 BC). He introduced the first known systematically organized library, 30,000 clay tablets - inscribed with Assyrian cuneiform, whose text translates as: "Peace unto heaven and earth / Peace unto countries and cities / Peace unto the dwellers in all lands" "It's kind of generally known that the staff is not exactly excited about this status," said Karen Scannell, acting city librarian. "Most of them feel that it is not appropriate and doesn't really blend in with the general style of the Civic Center."

Double L Excentric Gyratory (1982) - George Rickey (1907-2002) gifted to SF in 1997 by George Djerrasi, best known for developing the oral contraceptive pill. Stainless Steel. The Landmarks Board, citing potential harm to the overall integrity of the nationally landmarked plaza and what the board considers an abuse of process, has balked at the rushed schedule ... withholding it "certificate of appropriateness" - Mayor Brown pushed it through the objections because he wanted it up in time for the US Conference of Mayors

“Portrait of a Phenomenal Woman” (2024) by Lava Thomas / multi-media artist, from LA Supervisor Mark Farrell introduced legislation in 2017 calling on the city to increase female representation in the public arena to 30%. That would include boosting the number of women in elected office, on corporate boards, on street signs and, yes, depicted in statues. Farrell's legislation, passed by the supervisors, also called for a statue of Maya Angelou to be installed outside the Main Library. - - Catherine Stefani took over the project once Farrell left elected office “in October 2019, city officials rejected Thomas’ design, saying the artist’s book-shaped sculpture etched with an image of Angelou’s face wasn’t what they had in mind: a traditional, figurative statue of the poet.” “San Francisco Arts Commission selected her proposal for a monument of the author outside the city’s Main Library, then rescinded the offer when San Francisco supervisor Catherine Stefani objected, wanting a traditional statue rather than Thomas’s design. “I was invited to apply,” Thomas recalls, “then found myself in an untenable position.” No one at the arts commission would speak to Thomas, and at the public committee meeting that followed the decision, she was not allowed to finish the three-minute statement she had prepared. The Bay Area arts community rallied,

Thursday, August 17, 2023

United Nations Plaza Fountain - A Troubled Life

 

source: "Question Man - What is a San Francisco Eyesore?" San Francisco Chronicle January 14, 1980

The fountain at the United Nations plaza is cement. Tons of cement are not pretty. (Jannette Anderson, 1980).

Construction of the fountain had not yet begun when United Nations Plaza was dedicated in June 1975, the 30th anniversary of the United Nations Charter Conference in San Francisco.  The fountain itself was dedicated on April 25, 1977, but it was a dry event -- water was not scheduled to flow until July.  Newspaper articles through 1978 noted the continued malfunctioning of the valves that controlled the water spray.

The only time the United Nations Plaza fountain appears to have been fully functional was in early 1979.  It provided a very different experience than we get today.

image source: San Francisco Examiner February 6, 1979

A 1979 photo shows a gush of water like we never see today. A San Francisco Examiner article accompanying accompanying the photo provides an explanation of the fountain's operation from Don Carter, who along with Angela Danadjieva was principal-charge of the project for the Halprin firm.    

He explained that the fountain alternated between periods of calm, periods of jacuzzi-like waves and a climax he called the "jets cycle" when it erupted like a 25 foot high geyser.  When the weather was too windy, these water intensive events would be shut down by automatic computer control. One of the geyser events was coordinated with curtain times at the adjoining Orpheum Theater. During some of the "low tide" periods the water level dropped 30 inches from the peak water level and allowed people to walk inside the dried out structure. Carter expressed a hope that children would wade in the fountain on warm days.

While some observers were delighted by the variety and periodicity of the fountain's activity, others were puzzled by it.  According to one denizen of the plaza: "When the spray isn't working, people think its broken. The sprays only operate three times a day."  Given the common windy conditions in the plaza, it likely operated less than that.  The equipment that created these effects fell into disrepair in the early 1980s, eliminating the "earth-tides" symbolism that formed a significant part of Halprin's vision.

The San Francisco Chronicle's famed architecture writer Allan Temko was no fan of the fountain. He called it a "pomposity of ... madly assembled granite." He also lamented that "for the $2 million this fountain cost we could have bought four or five Henry Moores, to name a sculptor who might have dome justice to the grand entry to the Civic Center."

It was not long before the fountain became a casualty of the neighborhood's street life.  In mid-1979, Kevin Starr, San Francisco City Librarian from 1973 to 1976 and later a San Francisco Examiner columnist, wrote an erudite put-down of the fountain entitled a "$1.5 Million Pig Pen" He wrote scathingly of the crowd surrounding it.
The noise (every other word referred to an act of incest) came from a dozen or so men holding confabulation on the corner near the fountain. They were drinking from bottles and cans wrapped in brown paper bags, and they were shouting to each other in cacophonous discourse.

Garbage and filth surround the fountain. I stepped gingerly around wads of gum, cigarette butts, vomit, a half-eaten fly-infested turkey drumstick, flattened beer cans and empty bottles. I noted three empty bottles of Thunderbird, two empty bottles of Franzia Brothers white port and one bottle of Night Train Express pear wine.
Great granite blocks rise in a certain sculptured disorderliness that is actually a pyramidal order. From various points water rushes down the granite to a pool below, putting the fountain into dramatic motion. The flow of water came up against a barrier of refuse, however, where it was supposed to flow most dramatically out of sight--a dam of beer cans, wet paper and broken glass, and a horrible primeval compost ooze composed of God-knows-what.

The UN fountain is not even a year old, but already heavy graffiti mars many of its noble facades. The stones facing Leavenworth Street are the most heavily defaced with scores of insipid or obscene scratchings.
Starr held no objection to the fountain itself, but to the fountain within its societal environment. He lamented that the "very symbolic center of our city, the UN Plaza at Civic Center, is a miasma of filth and defacement." When Janette Anderson, at the top of this entry, identified the fountain as a "public eyesore" and misidentified it as being constructed from ugly cement, her opinion was probably formed as someone who did not want to hang around to appreciate it.

The ensuing years brought small adjustment to the plaza -- the removal of benches, engraving in the sidewalks commemorating the 40th anniversary of the United Nation's founding.  But the fountain remained an issue.  When it wasn't fenced off it attracted homeless bathers and drug users.  Chronicle writer Ilene Lelchuk reported that "The spraying fountain in San Francisco's United Nations Plaza is used as a toilet, bathtub and crack den more often than a soothing place to relax and read a book." Because they"giving up on fishing hypodermic needles and human feces out of the fountain," the Department of Public Works surrounded it with a temporary barrier.

United Nations Plaza Fountain with temporary chained barrier and "No Trespassing" sign (source: Hirsch, 2005)

In 2005 the fountain received a short respite when the plaza was spruced up for the the celebration of World Environment Days recognizing the 60th anniversary of the UN Charter in San Francisco. "Attractive" bollards and chains were erected to discourage bathing. Then Mayor Gavin Newsom ordered an increased police presence to prevent drug use and other antisocial behavior. He also intended United Nations Plaza more "active" by using it as a performance space and bringing in food trucks.
UN Plaza Fountain during 2005 World Environment Day celebration with United Nations Flags (image source: Hinshaw, 2015)

In 2003, John King, Allan Temko's successor at the San Francisco Chronicle, pronounced that "as good as Halprin is, this fountain hasn't stood the test of time." The granite structure did not cohere with its surroundings in the plaza and formed an obstacle to pedestrian flow to Leavenworth Street at the north.

1986, architectural historian Gray Brechin wrote a review of a 70th birthday exhibition for Lawrence Halprin given at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Here he discussed the many successful projects on display, however, he also cited a "necessary but tragic omission": Halprin's work on San Francisco's Market Street beautification project in collaboration with Mario Ciampi and John Carl Warnecke in the 1960s and 1970s.

He put his finger on the larger problem with their vision.
Market's [Market Street's] problems supersede design and maintenance. In the fifteen years since the beautification was completed, American society has undergone vast changes that Halprin and Ciampi could not anticipate. Market was designed for a stable, upscale retail base and middle-class consumers, but business was driven out by the long process of construction, and the boulevard has now surrendered to the dereliction, addiction and insanity that have grown yearly more noticeable and controllable. The usual attempted solution has been to put more cops on the beat, but symptoms indicate a problem that designers are helpless to correct and in some cases have worsened.
These designers, and one assumes city leaders, aspired to transform Market Street according to their aspirations, to make it a vital, thriving prosperous destination and a source of civic pride. The interval of time between the formation of this vision (circa 1960) and its realization (mid-1970s) saw many social changes nationally and locally.

Brechin continued:
It is impossible to evaluate Halpin's Hallidie and UN Plazas apart from the poverty they collect and contain. In UN Plaza at the Civic Center, the derelicts sun and prowl through Halprin's usually dry fountain. These plazas remind me of ragged spectators in the Roman ruins, or of Blade Runner.
Halprin defended and fought for the vision of his fountain until his death in 2009.  He didn't question his design. Instead he insisted that the city leaders should prevent the antisocial behavior from happening in the first place. "I'm not angry at the homeless," he said. "I'm angry at the people who let them not act civilly."

United Nations Plaza and its fountain continue to challenge San Francisco's leaders and its government.

Previous entries:


Bibliography: 
(Many of the articles can be found in the Newspaper Clipping File folder for "United Nations Plaza")


Adams, Gerald, "Another City Fountain Dispute Is Bubbling Up," San Francisco Examiner February 6, 1979.


Brechin, Gray, "Choreographer of Space," San Francisco Focus August 1986.

"Commission Approves $1.2 Million Fountain," San Francisco Examiner April 22, 1975.

Cone, Russ, "Valve Makes A Fountain of A Fiasco at UN Plaza," San Francisco Examiner March 17, 1978.

Day, Linda, "Lawrence Halprin and the Public Realm: Can the United Nations Plaza Unite San Franciscans?," Planetizen July 20, 2017. 

Fagan, Kevin, "U.N. Plaza Finally Getting New Look," San Francisco Chronicle March 19, 2005

Hinshaw, Mark, "Halprin Fountain Finds New Life," Landscape Architecture October 2005 [available through JStor].

Hirsch, Alison Bick, "The Fate of Lawrence Halpin's Public Spaces: Three Case Studies," Masters Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2005.

King, John, "A Vision Revision: U.N. Plaza Plan Lacks Attractions for Visitors," San Francisco Chronicle May 6, 2003.

Lelchuk, Ilene, "U.N. Plaza's Architect to Fight Redesign," San Francisco Chronicle April 18, 2003.

Lelchuk, Ilene, "City Give up on U.N. Plaza Fountain," San Francisco Chronicle March 12, 2003.

Pacheco, Antonio, "Another Halprin-designed plaza could be on the chopping block, this time in San Francisco," The Architects Notebook May 30, 2018

Robinson, Gene, "U.N.'s Party in Its Plaza" San Francisco Chronicle June 27, 1975.

Stack, Peter, "A Brainy Fountain Is Dedicated," San Francisco Chronicle April 26, 1977.

Starr, Kevin, "$1.5 Million Pig Pen," San Francisco Examiner June 12, 1979.

Starr, Kevin, "Our Public Space Crisis," San Francisco Examiner June 13, 1979.

Temko, Allan, "The 'New' Market Street -- An Unfulfilled Promise," San Francisco Chronicle March 21, 1979.

Waugh, Dexter, "U.N. Plaza Stirs Market St. 'Renaissance," San Francisco Examiner September 13, 1978.

Thursday, June 22, 2023

United Nations Plaza Fountain Introduction

Lawrence Halprin (1916-2009) was a legendary creative figure who lived and worked in the Bay Area. He was first and foremost a landscape architect, however, he also employed his talents in the fields of city planning, the visual arts and filmmaking.

United Nations Plaza Fountain, photographed by Charles A. Birnbaum, 2005 (source: The Cultural Landscape Foundation)
 
Halprin's United Nations Plaza Fountain was dedicated on June 26, 1977, the 32nd anniversary of the United Nations.  Located 600 feet from the Main Library, the fountain is marked off by longitudinal and latitudinal bands on the plaza's surface.

United Nations Plaza, Google Satellite View

The fountain takes up a footprint of 80 by 130 feet within the 2.6 acre United Nations Plaza. It consists of approximately 100 wire sawn pieces of Sierra white granite mined at the Raymond quarry near Fresno, granite symbolizing strength. This is the same granite used for City Hall and other civic buildings. These pieces were cut into varying shapes and range in width from 6 inches to four feet. The entire work weighs 3,300,000 pounds and is arranged into seven clusters that represent the seven continents.

Georgia Lindsay noted that with his fountains, Halprin aim to "represent" nature rather than "recreate" it. According to James Haas:
Halprin has developed an affection for Sierra Nevada views of water coursing through huge granite rocks, and he tried to bring that effect to his fountain by placing gigantic stacks of granite slabs around its outer edge up to twenty feet tall and smaller chunks of granite in the center, over which shot several spouts of water that eventually collected in pools.
The United Nations Plaza fountain has been alternately described as "smart" or "brainy." That was owing to a computer system that controlled water flow. It was to draw water from an underground creek below the plaza. The computer would be connected to gauges that would measure wind velocity in order to lower the flow when the weather was windy, lessening the spray that might soak passersby. The computer also would regulate the depth of water in the fountain's pools to vary from being dry to an accumulation of eight feet of water according to the time of day.

These computer controls apparently never worked for long, if at all.

From the moment it was proposed up through the present, Lawrence Halprin's United Nations Plaza Fountain has never ceased to be a source of controversy. Later blog entries will look at the fountain's troubled history.

Later entries:

Bibliography

Adams, Gerald, "Another City Fountain Dispute Is Bubbling Up," San Francisco Examiner February 6, 1979.


Brown, Mary, San FranciscoModern Architecture and Landscape Design 1935-1970: Historic Context Statement. (San Francisco City and County Planning Department, 2011).

Cindy, "UN Plaza Fountain," Art and Architecture of San Francisco [blog] March 7, 2001.


Katz, Bernard S., Fountains of San Francisco (Lexikos/Don't Call It Frisco Press, 1989).

"Latest Plan to Revamp San Francisco’s U.N. Plaza Unveiled," The Cultural Landscape Foundation March 14, 2019

Lindsay, Georgia, Bricks, Branding, And the Everyday: Defining Greatness at the United Nations Plaza in San FranciscoArchnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research (July 2017).

Pacheco, Anthony, "Another Halprin-designed plaza could be on the chopping block, this time in San Francisco," The Architects Newspaper May 30, 2018.

Stack, Peter, "A Brainy Fountain Is Dedicated," San Francisco Chronicle April 26, 1977.

Tuesday, June 7, 2022

Smashing Statues: The Rise and Fall of America's Public Monuments

The edifice for the toppled statue of U.S. Grant in Golden Gate Park

The early summer of 2020 brought a wave of iconoclasm to America and San Francisco. Locally, the statue of Christopher Columbus on San Francisco's Telegraph Hill was vandalized and preemptively removed. Statues of Francis Scott Key, Junipero Serra and Ulysses S. Grant were toppled. A statue of Manuel Cervantes was also vandalized.

Erin L. Thompson's Smashing Statues examines both the reasons for erecting and toppling public monuments. For Thompson "monuments aren't history lessons"; they come into existence to serve the interests of the powerful in society. She also opines that the vandalism and destruction of these monuments "happens when people who lack the power to change a political regime attack its symbols."

She devotes a good deal of space to the post-reconstruction proliferation of Confederate monuments in America's South. These were transparently commissioned and created as weapons to enforce the violence of segregation and inequality. Thompson describes them as "hatred hardened into marble and bronze." She advocates for their removal noting that it is not enough to add contextualizing language or supplement them with additional artworks as a counter-balance.

But she does present a different perspective on these monuments from John Guess Jr., the CEO of the Houston Museum of African American Culture. He reminds us that they are evidence of past wrongs telling Thompson that "I like to keep the evidence," because "down the road, people might suggest there was never a crime."

It's also an oversimplification to view monuments as only statements made by the powerful. Many San Francisco monuments were actually the result of nationalistic sentiments of immigrant communities who were unsure about their position in society. We have written elsewhere about the statues in Golden Gate Park of Ludwig van Beethoven and Giuseppe Verdi that were the efforts of the City's German-American and Italian-American communities, respectively. The vandalized Manuel Cervantes statue there was likewise commissioned and dedicated by the City's Spanish-American community.

That brings us back around to Christopher Columbus to whom Thompson devotes a chapter. She traces the origins of the myth-making around Columbus (who never set foot in the United States) to the desire of a young nation to sweep away its own problematic colonial origins and search for an alternative hero. America today has a difficult time ascribing heroism to Columbus's actions in the "new world" and places him at the head of a different origin story that resulted in genocide and the destruction of indigenous cultures.

The proliferation of Christopher Columbus statues in the United States resulted from benign intentions. Italian immigrants to the United States found themselves stuck in the margins of acceptable society and were themselves subjected to discrimination. They saw in their countryman Columbus the opportunity to align themselves with mainstream America and began agitating for Columbus Day as a holiday and organizing Columbus Day parades.

The empty edifice of the Christopher Columbus statue on Telegraph Hill.
This was a new edifice dedicated during Willie Brown's term as Mayor (1996-2004) with the participation of representatives from Genoa and Liguria, Italy) 

The statues of Columbus were a natural outcome of these efforts even though the depiction of Columbus was problematic. Thompson notes that there are no authentic portraits made of the explorer. Any representation of his features is guesswork.  

Over time Mr. Columbus became the fulcrum of two equal and opposite impulses. He embodied the desire of Italian immigrants to represent themselves as assimilated, ennobled and fully American. At the same time, indigenous Americans see Columbus as a tormentor who stole their land. The Italians sought the assimilation that indigenous Americans explicitly reject and fight against.

Thompson met with Mike Forcia, a native American activist who struggled for years to have a statue of Columbus removed in St. Paul, Minnesota. The protests following the murder of George Floyd in June 2020 provided him the opportunity to organize a crowd to pull the statue down. This was a criminal act and he was charged with a felony. The prosecutors decided not to press on with the charges if Forcia agreed to perform 100 hours of community service in the interest of repairing the harm and trauma that the statue represented. As he put it: "once it [the Columbus statue] hit the ground, those conversations started happening."

That act of iconoclasm opened up the public sphere to education and dialogue. But this was not due solely to the act of forcibly removing the statue but also due to past presence of the statue. Once the 100 hours were completed and the injurious symbol was removed, the space for continued conversation was diminished.

Thompson brings up the very excellent point that for concerned citizens like Forcia there are not yet established orderly, democratic ways of removing public monuments. But given all of the contention and competing interests in American society it could be difficult to reach a consensus about the fate of our public art and monuments. Smashing Statues is an excellent introduction to issues that underlie this dilemma.

Smashing Statues: The Rise and Fall of America's Public Monuments by Erin L. Thompson (W. W. Norton & Company, 2022).

Tuesday, December 15, 2020

The Most Circulated Art, Music & Recreation Books of SFPL-To-Go up to December 2020


The Covid-19 pandemic has had a radical effect upon library service. At San Francisco Public Library our readers have relied eBooks and other eResources more than ever. However, many other readers either cannot or prefer not to read online, or the books they want are not yet available online. The launch of SFPL-To-Go on August 10 brought the San Francisco Public Library's print collections back into the public's hands after a nearly five month break. 

Most of the books in the subjects of Art, Music and Recreation are assigned a call number in the Dewey 700 range (Dewey Decimals numbers 700 to 799). Among the top 15 most circulated in the Dewey 700 range, seven are pre-2020 titles.


The most borrowed print book by far is Ali Wong's Dear Girls. It was already among the most popular titles a year ago. Two other books that have continued from last year's list are Trevor Noah's Born A Crime and Hamilton: The Revolution.  Some other no longer current titles that have continue to be frequently borrowed include The Mamba Mentality by the late Kobe Bryant, Leonardo da Vinci by Walter Isaacson, Making Comics by Lynda Barry and Just Kids by Patti Smith.  Noah's and Smith's books are possibly the most popular arts related books of this century so far.

Naturally, most of the books that are frequently requested and checked out are current titles.  Hollywood often figures into these choices and currently The Big Goodbye: Chinatown and the Last Years of Hollywood and Barry Sonnenfeld, Call Your Mother are hot titles.  Two new books by popular music divas Jessica Simpson and Mariah Carey are also racking up a large number of holds.

It's a great pleasure the see the positive attention our readers are giving to Marilyn Chase's biography of San Francisco's own Ruth Asawa, Everything She Touched.


The Victory Machine by Ethan Sherwood details the rise and fall of our Golden State Warriors (who are hopefully soon to rise again!)  Sanam Maher's A Woman Like Her: The Story Behind the Honor Killing Of a Social Media Star would not immediately seem like a hot title (we initially only ordered three copies for our system) but it has proven popular in its rich investigation of fame, faith gender roles and social media.

Homebody: A Guide To Creating Spaces You Never Want To Leave from 2018 by Joanna Gaines is the most apt title for our times. If the experts tell us to stay at home, then, of course, we want to make it a place that we never want to leave.



The Top 15 Titles of December 2020


Born A Crime: Stories From a South African Childhood by Trevor Noah (Spiegel & Grau, 2016).

The Big Goodbye: Chinatown And the Last Years of Hollywood by Sam Wasson (Flatiron Books, 2020). 

The Mamba Mentality: How I Play by Kobe Bryant (MCD, Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, 2018). 

Open Book by Jessica Simpson with Kevin Carr O'Leary (Dey St., 2020). 

Everything She Touched: The Life of Ruth Asawa by Marilyn Chase (Chronicle Books, 2020).

A Woman Like Her: The Story Behind the Honor Killing Of a Social Media Star by Sanam Maher (Melville House Publishing, 2020).

A Very Punchable Face: A Memoir by Colin Jost (Crown, 2020). 

Homebody: A Guide To Creating Spaces You Never Want To Leave by Joanna Gaines (Harper Design, 2018). 

Just Kids by Patti Smith (Ecco, 2010). 

Leonardo da Vinci by Walter Isaacson (Simon & Schuster, 2017). 

Making Comics by Lynda Barry (Drawn & Quarterly, 2019)


The Meaning of Mariah Carey by Mariah Carey with Michaela Angela Davis (Andy Cohen Books, 2020). 

The Victory Machine: The Making And Unmaking Of the Warriors Dynasty by Ethan Sherwood Strauss (PublicAffairs, 2020).


Wednesday, October 21, 2020

Christopher Columbus at Coit Tower - The Fascist Sculptor

This is the third of three entries about Christopher Columbus at Coit Tower. See the two previous installments:

"Christopher Columbus at Coit Tower" (July 20, 2020)

"Christopher Columbus at Coit Tower -- The Graziotti Design" (July 24, 2020)

Vittorio di Colbertaldo, the sculptor of the statue of Christopher Columbus that had been located at Pioneer Park near Coit Tower on Telegraph Hill, was undeniably a fascist. That affiliation was part of rationale for the statue's removal in May 2020. As we have discussed in the previous entry of this blog, Colbertaldo's prior politics and ideology did not prove to be an impediment to the his post-war career.  In this entry we will look at how fascism informed his artwork.

What exactly is fascism?  According to Britannica, it is a kind of "militaristic nationalism" based upon a "belief in natural social hierarchy and the rule of elites."  Colbertaldo was born in 1901 into such an elite having descended from the Bassanese nobility (Bassano del Grappa). He also shared his birthplace in Forli with the Duce of Fascism, Benito Mussolini.

Colbertaldo had a conventional art career. He studied at the Accademia d’arte Cignaroli in Verona. He later taught at Guidizzolo School of Art in the province of Mantua and at the Liceo artistico statale (State Arts Lyceum) in Rome from 1935.  In addition to working in three dimensional media he was also an illustrator for the Milan-based magazine L'Eroica (The Heroic).


Di Colbertaldo's earliest public artwork is memorial to the World War I soldiers who lost their lives from the commune of Arcole in Veneto. This work, created in 1928 during the rule of the National Fascist Party government, projects a muscular nationalism in its depiction of the Italian men who fought the Austro-Hungarian empire between 1915 and 1918.

Imperial ambitions were always part of the Italian Fascist project. Italy had conquered and colonized Libya since 1911 and invaded Ethiopia (which they called Abyssinia) in 1935.  Colbertaldo created works promoting his nation's colonial ambitions that were featured in the Italian Pavilion at the 1939 New York Worlds Fair.

"Abissino" (Abyssinian), source: Icone d'Oltremare nell'Italia fascista

The exhibition featured several works in bas-relief depicting Italy's colonized subjects in Libya and Ethiopia. According to Pretelli one of principal aims of the Italian pavilion at the World's Fair was "to show a brand new Fascist 'spirit' generated by the proclamation of the empire." Italian colonization was portrayed as "pacific and laborious" demonstrating the "supposed civilization of the Ethiopian territories achieved under fascist occupation."

"La fraternità delle armi e del lavoro nella conquista dell'Impero," source: Prima Mostra Triennale delle Terre Italiane d'oltremare

Colbertaldo's enthusiasm for Italy's imperial ambitions are clearly manifested in "The Brotherhood of Arms and Labor In the Empire's Conquest" (La fraternità delle armi e del lavoro nella conquista dell'Impero), a statue displayed at the East African pavilion of the First Triennial Exhibition of Italian Overseas Lands (Prima Mostra Triennale delle Terre Italiane d'oltermare) in Naples in 1940. Linked soldiers and workers march forward for Italy's glory.

"Monumento al Duca d'Aosta," source: Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Gorizia

Even after the Fascist government was overthrown and Italy and the Axis nations were defeated in World War II, Colbertaldo returned to military and imperial themes. In 1965 (several years after his Christopher Columbus commission) he created a memorial to Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, the Viceroy of Italian East Africa who commanded Italian forces there during the war and surrendered to the Allies and died in British captivity in 1942.

"Telegraph Hill," July 21, 1960, source: OpenSFHistory / wnp27.5147.jpg

Was the statue of Christopher Columbus atop Telegraph Hill an expression of fascism? It was certainly an expression of both Italian nationalism and conquest.

"Christopher Columbus," image source: Public Art and Architecture From Around The World, May 23, 2012

We can see in di Colbertaldo's Christopher Columbus the many of the same qualities as his other works. The subjects depicted share a sober virility and project a heroic chauvinism. They gaze forward in full control of their emotions. The Public Art and Architecture From Around The World blog features several views of the now-removed Columbus statue. The comments to this blog entry are striking because they describe this now disreputable work as "wonderful" and "commanding" -- both reasonable aesthetic reactions. It is a well-rendered imposing statue. Given that Christopher Columbus is not well-known by his image, the millions of tourists who passed the statue probably gave little thought to the statue's origins or meaning. It was just another heroic statue.

Vittorio di Colbertaldo was an active artist up to his death in 1979.  His post-war output exhibited a surprisingly wide.  He created works for a Via Crucis at Dachau honoring Italians who died at the concentration camp.  He continued specializing in monumental works, sculpting statues of disparate figures such as Jan Palach, a young Czech who self-immolated in opposition to the Soviet occupation of his country, Prince Diponegoro, 19th century Javanese ruler who fought Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia, and Rashid Karami, a Lebanese prime minister.

image source: Rerum Romanun

The memorial to Jan Palach in Rome from 1970 is remarkable presenting the young hero dwarfed by tongues of flame.

Colbertaldo's statue of Christopher Columbus is unlikely to ever return to its pedestal upon Telegraph Hill. The statue has a twin in Miami, Florida that is still standing but has also been vandalized and threatened with removal.  Christopher Columbus statues are in peril all across the United States. Colbertaldo's San Francisco creation is fortunate to have escaped into storage. Some Miamians want to bury the explorer under water, upside down in the sand.

Bibliography


Ceballos, Joshua, "Gramps Owner Offers To Sink Columbus Statue Into The Sea," Miami New Times [online] June 12, 2020.

Comanducci, A. M., Dizionario illustrato dei pittori: disegnatori e incisori italiani moderni e contemporanei (L. Patuzzi, 1970).

"Fascism." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 22 Feb. 2019.



"Monumenti e lapidi," 14-18 Documenti e immagini della grande guerra [website].

"Il monumento ai Caduti di Arcole," Arcole Racconta [blog] October 31, 2013

Merjian, Ara H., "Learning From Fascism," Art In America [online] April 1, 2019.

"Monumento al Duca d'Aosta," Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Gorizia [webpage].

Pretelli, Matteo, "Italian Migrants in Italian Exhibitions from Fascism to the Early Republic," in Moving Bodies, Displaying Nations National Cultures, Race and Gender in World Expositions Nineteenth to Twenty-first Century (Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2014).

"Prince Amadeo, Duke of Aosta," Italy On This Day [blog], October 21, 2018.


"Status di Jan Palach," Rerum Romanarum [website] 

"Vittorio de Colbertaldo scultore in quattro continenti," Corriere Romagna (July 2, 2018).


Friday, July 24, 2020

Christopher Columbus at Coit Tower - The Graziotti Design



Christopher Columbus at Coit Tower [first part]

Heresy Labs, which describes itself as an "autonomous media project exploring anti-authoritarian politics and monitoring fascist presence within cultural space" tweeted the following on June 18, 2020:
The Christopher Columbus statue at Coit Tower in San Francisco has been removed. It was sculpted by fascist Vittorio di Colbertaldo who was Mussolini's handpicked bodyguard.  
The Christopher Columbus statue was controversial when it was erected in 1957, however, this controversy had nothing to with the sculptor's affiliation with the Italian Fascist Party.

Vittorio di Colbertaldo was undoubtedly an active participant in Italy's fascist movement in the 1930s and 1940s.  But during the Cold War that followed former fascists probably came to be seen as strong anti-communist allies.  In any case, Colbertaldo's past political affiliation was no impediment to his post-war art career.

The Italian consul general Pierluigi Alvera had recommended Vittorio di Colbertaldo to the Art Commission for the project as "one of the world authorities on Columbus."  But in their final decision the art commissioners also considered a proposal from a San Francisco artist Ugo A. Graziotti.

The controversy about the Christopher Columbus statue played out in the Letters to the Editor pages of San Francisco's daily papers.  According to a January 29, 1957 letter to the Chronicle, Graziotti claimed that he had suggested the idea of commissioning a Columbus statue for San Francisco to Alvera in January of 1956.  According to him, Alvara followed up this idea by contacting and commissioning Colbertado. In October 1956 he presented a sketch of this artist's sculpture design to the Art Commission.

Graziotti said that Alvara told him:
"If I wanted to, I could submit a design." And may I say that I was told this in a very unsympathetic way. In other words, Dr. Alvera asked me for a design just to toss me a bone for my idea.
Italian Consul general Pierluigi Alvera with a model of the Columbus statue (source: San Francisco Examiner January 4, 1957)

After the Art Commission vote, a Dick Nolan column in the Chronicle reported that the Art Commission's selection of the Colbertaldo had been generated strong community opposition:
The panel rejected a more daring design by Ugo Graziotti, a local master, for a more conventional piece of sculpture by an Italian who also happens to be a friend of the Italian consul, Pierluigi Alvera. The commission, from all reports, based its decision on financial reasons rather than esthetic ones. Alvera somehow conveyed the impression that his man's work was all bought and paid for and hence no problem to install, subito and toot de sweet.
(A side note: one of the Art Commissioners favoring the Colbertaldo work was one of Graziotti's students.)

source: San Francisco Examiner January 24, 1956

Ugo Graziotti (1912-2000) was a native of Brescia, Italy.  While working at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma he was invited in 1949 to teach in the United States in 1949 where he lived until 1970 when returned home to Italy.  He lived in the Bay Area from 1954 to 1967 where he taught at the California College of Arts and Crafts, Art League of San Francisco and the University of San Francisco. He also operated the Graziotti Studio of Fine Arts that was located adjacent to today's Main Library at 1254 Market Street. His art was exhibited at the DeYoung Museum and the California Academy of Sciences.

In the run up to the Art Commission vote in January 1957, Graziotti presented his vision of Columbus to the Examiner.  He told them that he wanted to create a statue:
To harmonize with the distinctive characteristics of San Francisco, and with the time in which we live. It is not intended to be just another neo-classic monument, similar to so many pieces reflecting 19th century taste to be seen here and there about the city. It is designed to provide interest to the spectator from every angle, whether seen from a distance or close at hand.
The mosaic under the statue was meant to depict the known world at the the time of Columbus. The bronze base was intended to represent a ship. The bronze figure showed Columbus gazing forward with his hands clasping the vessel's pilot wheel.

Ugo A. Graziotti's Columbus Statue design (source: San Francisco Examiner December 13, 1956)

Three letters to the editor supporting Graziotti's design were printed in the San Francisco Chronicle of January 24, 1956.  The writers advocated supporting a locally known artist like Graziotti.  They criticized the conservatism of the Colbertaldo design.  One correspondent advocating for Graziotti's design wrote that:
It reaches and exhibits the living spirit of every pioneer, every giant, every man who, with strength and faith, fights for discoveries and for a better world... it is a monument to the Relentless American.
Part of the contemporary opposition to the Colbertaldo statue in Pioneer Park was probably due to the depiction of the explorer like a dauntless conqueror.  The Graziotti work with its symbolism, abstract elements, and even a degree of whimsy might have rankled the today's viewer less than the Colbertaldo statue.

Nevertheless, Graziotti cannot be separated from association with Italian fascism.  He published examples of his work in the magazine Goliardia Fascista, a fascist affiliated student newspaper, between 1936 and 1939.

The next installment of this blog will take a closer look at Vincenzo di Colbertado -- his work and his connection to fascism.


The Newspaper Archive, San Francisco Chronicle Historical, and San Francisco Examiner Historical databases were all used in this research.


Bibliography


Benoit, Monique, "'The City Ignores Its Local Artists'," San Francisco Chronicle January 24, 1956.

Bergman, Harry, "An Artist Leaves The City," San Francisco Chronicle September 3, 1967.

"Columbus Statue Designed for S.F.," San Francisco Examiner December 13, 1956.

Cross, Miriam Duncan, "Gold's But One Treasure In De Young's Current Exhibit," Oakland Tribune June 6, 1954.

"The Editor's Mailbox," San Francisco Examiner January 16, 1957.

"Graziotti Adriano Ugo," Dizionario pittori e scultori Bresciano [online]

Hulburd, David, "Talk Around Town," San Francisco Chronicle January 27, 1957.

"It Was A Tough Break For Columbus Statue," San Francisco Examiner January 4, 1957.

"Letters To The Editor," San Francisco Chronicle January 24, 1957.

"Letters To The Editor," San Francisco Chronicle January 29, 1957.

McQuigg, Clancy, "Bronze Image of Columbus," San Francisco Examiner October 13, 1957.

Nolan, Dick, "Lakeshore Citizens Take G.E.T. Fight To Mayor," San Francisco Chronicle January 13, 1957.

"Polyhedra Forms To Go On Display," Sausalito News April 18, 1962.

"Statue, Landscaping Tentatively Approved," San Francisco Chronicle October 26, 1956.

"Ugo Andriano Graziotti," Wikipedia: L'enciclopedia libera [online].

Watmough, David, "Books, Sunshine, Women and Sculptor Ugo Graziotti," San Francisco Examiner December 27, 1959.